Formulary Monographs [TRANQUILLIZERS, 2818]
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TRANQUILLIZERS
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TRANQUILIZERS
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MAJOR TRANQUILLISERS
(Neuroleptics) General Indications Used in all forms of psychoses especially schizophrenia. Used in controlling disturbed and parnoid behaviour during the acute phase and for maintenance in low doses. General Side -Effects The following side effects ap ply generally to all neuroleptics: (a) Central Nervous System effects-extrapy ramidal movement disorders, includeing dystonia and oculogyric crises, parkin- sonism, alkathisiaand tardive dyskinesia. Patients often complain of sluggishness and weight gain, and at higher doses drowsiness. (b) Autonomic effects - dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation and urinary retention. Tachycardia and postural hypotension are often seen. (c) Endocrine Menstrual irregularities and galactorrhoca (lactation) are seen in a significant percentage. (d) Skin and eye - allergic skin reactions and photo toxicity are uncommon. MINOR TRANQUILLISERS General Indications and Comments For the relief of anxiety and tension in neuroses, as a muscle relaxant and as a hypnotic. Used in the treatment of delirium tremors and status epilepticus in the case of Diazepam. Note Well Nitrazepam, Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam are all slowly metabolised and accumulate with repeated doses, particulaly in the elderly, who can sometimes lapse into a semicomatose state on a normal adult dose: Lorazepam has a much shorter half-life (3-8 hours) and is preferable for night sedation. |