Formulary Monographs [PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS, 2816]
PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
2816
PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
Depression is a pernicious and all-encompassing disorder that generally affects the body, feelings, thoughts, and behaviors to varying degrees. [24, 25, 26] However, the condition is often difficult to diagnose because it can manifest in so many different ways. For example, some depressed individuals seem to withdraw into apathy, while others may become irritable or even agitated. Eating and sleeping patterns can be exaggerated to either extreme, either becoming excessive or being almost eliminated. Observable or behavioral symptoms may be minimal despite profound inner turmoil. Symptoms of depression may include the following:

Persistently sad, anxious, or empty moods

Loss of pleasure in usual activities (anhedonia)

Feelings of helplessness, guilt, or worthlessness

Crying, hopelessness, or persistent pessimism

Fatigue or decreased energy

Loss of memory, concentration, or decision-making capability

Poor abstract reasoning

Restlessness, irritability

Sleep disturbances

Change in appetite or weight

Physical symptoms that defy diagnosis and do not respond to treatment - (very commonly pain and gastrointestinal complaints)

Thoughts of suicide, death, or suicide attempts

Poor self-image or self-esteem - As illustrated, for example, by verbal self-reproach

To diagnosis depression, a patient must express 1 of the first 2 items above and at least 5 of the other symptoms listed. Such disturbances must be present nearly daily for at least 2 weeks. Symptoms can last for months or years.